10: Find and Replace

Here is Textpad's 'find and replace' box. 

We open it by using F8.

You'll notice that most of the options are the same as ''find' - see post 7 for an explanation of these. There are some differences: 

No wrapped search. 'Find next' only works downwards to the end of the file.

Selected text. You can highlight some text, and make changes in the highlighted text only. 

What we're interested in here are the Go buttons. Once you've typed what you want to find into the 'Find' box, choose between:

Find next Finds the next occurence of what's in the 'find what' box

Replace Replaces the current selection with what's in the 'replace with' box

Replace next Replaces the next match of the 'find what' box' with what's in the 'replace with' box

Replace all Replaces every single match of the 'find what' box' with what's in the 'replace with' box

You will almost always use Replace all.

9: Using 'Find' - the magic of 'Mark all'

If you scroll back a way, you'll find my unbelievably bad spreadsheet of 'books on my coffee table'. Well, here it is again, this time to show the power of 'Mark all'.

We open the find window with F5. 

So: I've looked for books with the publisher 'Penguin'. (Note that I've used \tPenguin\t, which means 'tab Penguin tab'. Otherwise, I might accidentally mark a book with the title 'I love my penguin', which isn't what I want.) 

And there they are - two books which match \tPenguin\t, marked with a little triangle called a 'bookmark'.

Now I want to do something with these bookmarked lines. Here's what I can do:

Cut the bookmarked lines 

Copy the bookmarked lines 

Delete the bookmarked lines

I want to copy them to a new document to see them more closely. I go here:

I open a new document, and I paste my bookmarked lines:

It turns out that both my Penguin books are by PG Wodehouse. Now I can look over the data, modify it, whatever I want. 

The only thing I can't do is modify the data and put it back in it's original place. Bookmarking only works in one direction. If I wanted to modify the records and then put them back in the original file, I would have to cut them from this document and paste them onto the end of the original.

3. Tab separated values

Metadata is usually stored in Tab Seperated Value (tsv) format.

Don't be worried by that - you've already been using it for years. You may never have known it, but MS Excel is in tsv format.

All tsv means is that the fields of information are seperated by tabs. If you're in an excel spreadsheet, and you press 'tab', you move across by one cell - the software knows that 'tab' means 'the next field'.

There are other ways to seperate units of information: commas, semi-colons, colons, all sorts of things. The handy thing about tabs is that, unlike commas, semi-colons, and colons, they tend not to be used in natural language. You might have a book title like 'My life: the story of my life', but you'll never have 'My life (TAB) the story of my life'. That makes tsv very handy.

('Natural language' is any language that isn't a computer language. English, Spanish, Sign language... anything that people use to understand other people. Computers are terrible with natural language, which causes big headaches for the regex user. We'll cover that in more detail later.)

Look at this excel spreadsheet:

...and this textpad document:

The textpad document looks unintelligible, but it isn't. It is exactly the same document as the excel spreadsheet. In fact, all I did was copy & paste between the two - there are no changes at all. This means two things:

1. The tsv format is easy

2. If you ever get lost in textpad, you can pop your data back into excel to see what's going on.

(Sharp eyes will have spotted that this is a terrible, terrible piece of metadata. All I've done is pull some books off my bookshelf and pop them in a list. It's not standardised, the first name and surname are in the same column, the capitals are all over the shop, and my id column is based on the order I grabbed them. There's a reason for this - we're going to fix it.)